THE NON-COPRIME GRAPHS OF UPPER UNITRIANGULAR MATRIX GROUPS OVER THE RING OF INTEGER MODULO WITH PRIME ORDER AND THEIR TOPOLOGICAL INDICES

Keywords: Non-Coprime Graphs, The Upper Unitriangular Matrix Group, Harmonic Index, Wiener Index, Harary Index, First Zagreb Index

Abstract

In its application graph theory is widely applied in various fields of science, including scheduling, transportation, industry, and structural chemistry, such as topological indexes. The study of graph theory is also widely applied as a form of representation of algebraic structures, including groups. One form of graph representation that has been studied is non-coprime graphs. The upper unitriangular matrix group is a form of group that can be represented in graph form. This group consists of upper unitriangular matrices, which are a special form of upper triangular matrix with entries in a ring R and all main diagonal entries have a value of one. In this research, we look for the form of a non-coprime graph from the upper unitriangular matrix group over a ring of prime modulo integers and several topological indexes, namely the Harmonic index, Wiener index, Harary index, and First Zagreb index. The findings of this research indicate that the structure of the graph and the general formula for the Harmonic index, Wiener index, Harary index, and First Zagreb index were successfully obtained.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

O. Sporns, “Graph theory methods: Applications in brain networks,” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 111–120, 2018, doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.2/OSPORNS.

J. B. Liu, S. Javed, M. Javaid, and K. Shabbir, “Computing First General Zagreb Index of Operations on Graphs,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 47494–47502, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909822.

A. Ali and N. Trinajstić, “A Novel/Old Modification of the First Zagreb Index,” Mol Inform, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1–12, 2018, doi: 10.1002/minf.201800008.

M. Azari and A. Iranmanesh, “Harary index of some nano-structures,” Match, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 373–382, 2014.

D. Satriawan, Q. Aini, F. Maulana, and I. G. A. W. Wardhana, “Molecular Topology Index of a Zero Divisor Graph on a Ring of Integers Modulo Prime Power Order,” Contemporary Mathematics and Applications, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 72–82, 2024.

M. R. Gayatri, R. Fadhilah, S. T. Lestari, L. F. Pratiwi, A. Abdurahim, and I. G. A. W. Wardhana, “Topology Index of the Coprime Graph for Dihedral Group of Prime Power Order,” Jurnal Diferensial, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 126–134, 2023, doi: 10.35508/jd.v5i2.12462.

S. Li and H. Zhang, “Some extremal properties of the multiplicatively weighted Harary index of a graph,” Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 961–978, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s10878-014-9802-5.

B. Zainun Yatin, M. R. Gayatri, I. Gede, A. Wisnu Wardhana, B. Desy, and A. Prayanti, “Indeks Hyper-Wiener Dan Indeks Padmakar-Ivan Dari Graf Koprima Dari Grup Dihedral,” Jurnal Riset dan Aplikasi Matematika, vol. 07, no. 02, pp. 138–147, 2023.

N. Nurhabibah, A. G. Syarifudin, and I. G. A. W. Wardhana, “Some Results of The Coprime Graph of a Generalized Quaternion Group Q_4n,” InPrime: Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–33, 2021, doi: 10.15408/inprime.v3i1.19670.

A. G. Syarifudin, Nurhabibah, D. P. Malik, and I. G. A. W. dan Wardhana, “Some characterizatsion of coprime graph of dihedral group D2n,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1722, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1722/1/012051.

N. Nurhabibah, I. G. A. W. Wardhana, and N. W. Switrayni, “NUMERICAL INVARIANTS OF COPRIME GRAPH OF A GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUP,” Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society, vol. 29, no. 01, pp. 36–44, 2023.

M. Masriani, R. Juliana, A. G. Syarifudin, I. G. A. W. Wardhana, I. Irwansyah, and N. W. Switrayni, “SOME RESULT OF NON-COPRIME GRAPH OF INTEGERS MODULO n GROUP FOR n A PRIME POWER,” Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 107–111, 2020, doi: 10.14710/jfma.v3i2.8713.

W. U. Misuki, I. G. A. W. Wardhana, N. W. Switrayni, and Irwansyah, “Some results of non-coprime graph of the dihedral group D2n for n a prime power,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2329, no. February, 2021, doi: 10.1063/5.0042587.

S. A. Aulia, I. G. A. W. Wardhana, I. Irwansyah, S. Salwa, W. U. Misuki, and N. D. H. Nghiem, “The Structures of Non-Coprime Graphs for Finite Groups from Dihedral Groups with Regular Composite Orders,” InPrime: Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 115–122, 2023, doi: 10.15408/inprime.v5i2.29018.

C. K. Gupta, B. Shwetha Shetty, and V. Lokesha, On the graph of nilpotent matrix group of length one, vol. 8, no. 1. 2016. doi: 10.1142/S1793830916500099.

X. Hu and L. Zhong, “The harmonic index for trees with given domination number,” Discrete Mathematics Letters, vol. 9, pp. 31–37, 2022, doi: 10.47443/DML.2021.S206.

M. Knor, R. Skrekovski, and A. Tepeh, “Mathematical aspects of wiener index,” Ars Mathematica Contemporanea, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 327–352, 2016, doi: 10.26493/1855-3974.795.ebf.

T. Asir and V. Rabikka, “The Wiener index of the zero-divisor graph of Zn,” Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 319, no. xxxx, pp. 461–471, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.dam.2021.02.035.

L. Li, X. Li, and W. Liu, “Note on the Product of Wiener and Harary Indices,” Match, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 299–305, 2024, doi: 10.46793/match.91-2.299L.

B. Borovićanin, K. C. Das, B. Furtula, and I. Gutman, “Bounds for Zagreb indices,” Match, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 17–100, 2017.

I. Gutman, “An Exceptional Property of First Zagreb Index,” Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, vol. 72, pp. 733–740, 2014.

Published
2025-01-13
How to Cite
[1]
M. Afdhaluzzikri, I. G. A. W. Wardhana, F. Maulana, and H. R. Biswas, “THE NON-COPRIME GRAPHS OF UPPER UNITRIANGULAR MATRIX GROUPS OVER THE RING OF INTEGER MODULO WITH PRIME ORDER AND THEIR TOPOLOGICAL INDICES”, BAREKENG: J. Math. & App., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 547-556, Jan. 2025.