GRAPH ENERGY OF THE COPRIME GRAPH ON GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUP
Abstract
This paper investigates the Degree Square Sum Energy , Degree Exponent Energy , and Degree Exponent Sum Energy of the coprime graph on generalized quaternion group . This research is quantitative study using previous study as the literature review to construct the new theorem. These energy methods provide new insights into the spectral properties of graphs by their vertex degree distributions into eigenvalue computations. Using spectral graph theory, the general formulas for the , , and of are formulated for for every positive integer . Furthermore, we explore the implications of these methods in understanding the algebraic and spectral characteristics of . Numerical results are presented for specific cases to validate the previous theorem. This study contributes to the broader analysis of graph energies, offering a framework for studying other algebraic structures.
Downloads
References
X. Ma, H. Wei, and L. Yang, “THE COPRIME GRAPH OF A GROUP,” International Journal of Group Theory, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 13–23, 2014, doi: 10.22108/ijgt.2014.4363.
N. Nurhabibah, I. G. A. W. Wardhana, and N. W. Switrayni, “NUMERICAL INVARIANTS OF COPRIME GRAPH OF A GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUP,” Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society, vol. 29, no. 01, pp. 36–44, 2023.doi: https://doi.org/10.22342/jims.29.1.1245.36-44
H. B. Shelash and M. Jasim, “CO-PRIME GRAPH OF FINITE GROUPS”, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25739.41762.
Nurhabibah, D. P. Malik, H. Syafitri, and I. G. A. W. Wardhana, “SOME RESULTS OF THE NON-COPRIME GRAPH OF A GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUP FOR SOME N,” AIP Conf Proc, vol. 2641, no. December 2022, p. 020001, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114975.
M. Afdhaluzzikri, I. Gede, A. Wisnu Wardhana, F. Maulana, and H. R. Biswas, “THE NON-COPRIME GRAPHS OF UPPER UNITRIANGULAR MATRIX GROUPS OVER THE RING OF INTEGER MODULO WITH PRIME ORDER AND THEIR TOPOLOGICAL INDICES,” BAREKENG: J. Math. & App, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 547–0556, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol19iss1pp547-556.
A. R. Nagalakshmi, A. S. Shrikanth, G. K. Kalavathi, and K. S. Sreekeshava, “THE DEGREE ENERGY OF A GRAPH,” Mathematics, vol. 12, no. 17, Sep. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172699.
B. B. and C. E., “DEGREE SQUARE SUM EQUIENERGETIC AND HYPERENERGETIC GRAPHS,” Malaya Journal of Matematik, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 301–305, Apr. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.26637/MJM0802/0001.
B. B. and C. E., “DEGREE SQUARE SUM EQUIENERGETIC AND HYPERENERGETIC GRAPHS,” Malaya Journal of Matematik, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 301–305, Apr. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.26637/MJM0802/0001.
H. S. Ramane and S. S. Shinde, “DEGREE EXPONENT POLYNOMIAL OF GRAPHS OBTAINED BY SOME GRAPH OPERATIONS,” Electron Notes Discrete Math, vol. 63, pp. 161–168, 2017.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2017.11.010
B. Basavanagoud and C. Eshwarachandra, “DEGREE EXPONENT SUM ENERGY OF A GRAPH,” 2020.doi: https://doi.org/10.56947/gjom.v8i1.306
I. Gutman, X. Li, and J. Zhang, “GRAPH ENERGY,” Analysis of Complex Networks: From Biology to Linguistics, pp. 145–174, 2009.doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527627981.ch7
B. Basavanagoud and E. Chitra, “DEGREE SQUARE SUM ENERGY OF GRAPHS,” International Journal of Mathematics And its Applications, vol. 6, no. B, pp. 193–205, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://ijmaa.in/
B. B. and C. E., “DEGREE SQUARE SUM EQUIENERGETIC AND HYPERENERGETIC GRAPHS,” Malaya Journal of Matematik, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 301–305, Apr. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.26637/MJM0802/0001.
S. R. Jog and J. R. Gurjar, “BOUNDS ON DEGREE SQUARE SUM DISTANCE SQUARE ENERGY OF GRAPHS,” BULLETIN Bull. Int. Math. Virtual Inst, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 367–373, 2021, doi: 10.7251/BIMVI2102367J.
P. Mahalank, H. S. Ramane, and A. R. Desai, “DEGREE EXPONENT ADJACENCY POLYNOMIAL OF SOME GRAPHS,” Adv. Math., Sci. J, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1001–1008, 2020.doi: https://doi.org/10.37418/amsj.9.3.25
I. Gutman, “DEGREE-BASED TOPOLOGICAL INDICES,” Croatica Chemica Acta, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 351–361, Dec. 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.5562/cca2294.
M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi, and C. Chuei Yee, “DEGREE EXPONENT SUM ENERGY OF COMMUTING GRAPH FOR DIHEDRAL GROUPS,” Malaysian Journal of Science, vol. 41, pp. 40–46, Sep. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.sp2022no1.6.
B. Ahmadi and H. Doostie, “ON THE PERIODS OF 2-STEP GENERAL FIBONACCI SEQUENCES IN THE GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUPS,” Discrete Dyn Nat Soc, vol. 2012, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/458964.
X. Ma, H. Wei, and L. Yang, “THE COPRIME GRAPH OF A GROUP Communicated by Mehri Akhavan-Malayeri,” 2014. [Online]. Available: www.ui.ac.ir
H. R. Dorbidi, “A NOTE ON THE COPRIME GRAPH OF A GROUP Communicated by Alireza Abdollahi,” 2016. [Online]. Available: www.ui.ac.ir
R. Balakrishnan, “THE ENERGY OF A GRAPH,” Linear Algebra Appl, vol. 387, no. 1-3 SUPPL., pp. 287–295, Aug. 2004, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2004.02.038.
H. S. Ramane, S. Shinde, and S. S. Shinde, “DEGREE EXPONENT POLYNOMIAL AND DEGREE EXPONENT ENERGY OF GRAPHS.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338195221
B. Basavanagoud and C. Eshwarachandra, “DEGREE EXPONENT SUM ENERGY OF A GRAPH,” 2020.doi: https://doi.org/10.56947/gjom.v8i1.306
N. Nurhabibah, A. G. Syarifudin, and I. G. A. W. Wardhana, “SOME RESULTS OF THE COPRIME GRAPH OF A GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUP Q_4N,” InPrime: Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–33, 2021.doi: https://doi.org/10.15408/inprime.v3i1.19670
H. S. Ramane and S. S. Shinde, “DEGREE EXPONENT POLYNOMIAL OF GRAPHS OBTAINED BY SOME GRAPH OPERATIONS,” Electron Notes Discrete Math, vol. 63, pp. 161–168, 2017. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2017.11.010
Copyright (c) 2025 Miftahurrahman Miftahurrahman, I Gede Adhitya Wisnu Wardhana, Nur Idayu Alimon, Nor Haniza Sarmin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:
- Author retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution license that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.




1.gif)


