OPTIMISATION OF IMAGE DATA PREPARATION USING HYBRID WHITE BALANCE METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF STRAW MUSHROOM IMAGE QUALITY

Keywords: Classification accuracy, Deep learning, Hybrid white balance, Image classification, Image pre-processing, Straw mushrooms

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the quality of straw mushroom images by applying a Hybrid White Balance (HWB) preprocessing method to improve classification accuracy. Variations in illumination often introduce color distortion, which negatively affects feature extraction and reduces the performance of machine learning models. Therefore, robust preprocessing techniques are required to handle lighting inconsistencies and improve image quality. In this study, the HWB method is combined with normalization and histogram equalization to produce more consistent visual representations. Straw mushroom images were collected under varying lighting conditions from different agricultural environments. The preprocessing stage includes color correction using HWB followed by normalization to reduce variability. The processed images were then classified using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The results show that preprocessing significantly affects classification performance. The model without preprocessing achieved an mAP@0.5 of approximately 0.927, while Standard White Balance improved performance to around 0.978 in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score. The best results were obtained using HWB, achieving precision of approximately 0.996, mAP of about 0.994, and F1-score around 0.9395, indicating more accurate and robust classification. Additionally, image quality evaluation shows that HWB reduces Mean Squared Error (MSE) and increases Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), outperforming standard preprocessing methods. In conclusion, HWB-based preprocessing effectively enhances both image quality and classification performance. This method has strong potential as a reliable preprocessing approach for agricultural image analysis, particularly under varying illumination conditions, and can support the development of more robust and adaptive classification systems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

E. Kantikowati, R. Haris, Karya, and S. Anwar, “ALUR PEMASARAN JAMUR MERANG DI DESA CIREJAG KECAMATAN JATISARI KABUPATEN KARAWANG,” Paspalum J. Ilm. Pertan., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 134–141, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v6i2.87

B. Priyatna, T. K. A. Rahman, A. L. Hananto, A. Hananto, and A. Y. Rahman, “MOBILENET BACKBONE BASED APPROACH FOR QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF STRAW MUSHROOMS (VOLVARIELLA VOLVACEA) USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS (CNN),” Int. J. Informatics Vis., vol. 8, no. 3–2, pp. 1749–1754, 2024,. doi: https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.3-2.2998

C. Akdoğan, T. Özer, and Y. Oğuz, “DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AI-CONTROLLED SPRAYING DRONE FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS USING ADVANCED IMAGE PREPROCESSING TECHNIQUES,” Robot. Intell. Autom., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 131–151, 2024,. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/RIA-05-2023-0068

M. Heidari, S. Mirniaharikandehei, A. Khuzani, G. Danala, Y. Qiu, and B. Zheng, “IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF CNN TO PREDICT THE LIKELIHOOD OF COVID-19 USING CHEST X-RAY IMAGES WITH PREPROCESSING ALGORITHMS,” Int. J. Med. Inform., vol. 144, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104284

J. Willard, X. Jia, S. Xu, M. Steinbach, and ..., “INTEGRATING PHYSICS - BASED MODELING WITH MACHINE LEARNING: A SURVEY,” arXiv preprint arXiv beiyulincs.github.io, 2020. [Online].

V. S. Kulkarni, “HER EARNINGS: EXPLORING VARIATION IN WIVES’ EARNING CONTRIBUTIONS ACROSS SIX MAJOR ASIAN GROUPS AND WHITES,” Soc. Sci. Res., vol. 52, pp. 539–557, 2015. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.03.002

K. Morita et al., “HYBRID OF COMPRESSED SENSING AND PARALLEL IMAGING APPLIED TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL ISOTROPIC T2-WEIGHTED TURBO SPIN-ECHO MR IMAGING OF THE LUMBAR SPINE,” Magn. Reson. Med. Sci., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 48–55, 2020, doi: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2018-0132. doi: https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.mp.2018-0132

J. Wu, “ENHANCING OBJECT SORTING UNDER LOW-LIGHT CONDITIONS WITH CLAHE, GAUSSIAN BLUR, ROI, AND CUSTOM PID ON A RASPBERRY PI ROBOTIC ARM,” Appl. Comput. Eng., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 93–98, 2024,. doi: https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/96/20241240

S. Modak, J. Heil, and A. Stein, “PANSHARPENING LOW-ALTITUDE MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES OF POTATO PLANTS USING A GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORk,” Remote Sens., vol. 16, no. 5, 2024,. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050874

A. Pandey, S. Singh, and C. Chakraborty, “RETINAL IMAGE PREPROCESSING TECHNIQUES: ACQUISITION AND CLEANING PERSPECTIVE,” Internet Technol. Lett., vol. 7, May 2023,. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.437

L. Farokhah, S. Y. Riska, and I. Teknologi, “ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF EIGHT DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURES FOR THE,” vol. 5, no. 158, pp. 142–149, 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v8i1.5498

X. Song et al., “AGRICULTURAL IMAGE PROCESSING: CHALLENGES, ADVANCES, AND FUTURE TRENDS,” Appl. Sci., 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169206

M. Z. Naser, “FROM FAILURE TO FUSION: A SURVEY ON LEARNING FROM BAD MACHINE LEARNING MODELS,” Inf. Fusion, vol. 120, p. 103122, 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2025.103122

S. Li et al., “DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR ELECTROWETTING DISPLAYS BASED ON ALTERNATING CURRENT AND DIRECT CURRENT,” Micromachines, vol. 13, no. 10, 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101791

J. L. Diaz Resendiz, V. Ponomaryov, R. Reyes Reyes, and S. Sadovnychiy, “EXPLAINABLE CAD SYSTEM FOR CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA BASED ON A ROBUST WHITE BLOOD CELL SEGMENTATION,” Cancers (Basel)., vol. 15, no. 13, 2023,. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133376

A. Hermawan, A. P. Wibowo, and A. Setiawan Wijaya, “THE IMPROVEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ACCURACY USING PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS APPROACH,” MATRIK J. Manajemen, Tek. Inform. dan Rekayasa Komput., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 97–104, 2022, doi: 10.30812/matrik.v22i1.1880. doi: https://doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v22i1.1880

K. Shankar, Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Wu, and C. H. Chen, “HYPERPARAMETER TUNING DEEP LEARNING FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY FUNDUS IMAGE CLASSIFICATION,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 118164–118173, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3005152

T. Sood, P. Khandnor, and R. Bhatia, “ENHANCING PAP SMEAR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION: INTEGRATING TRANSFER LEARNING AND ATTENTION MECHANISMS FOR IMPROVED DETECTION OF CERVICAL ABNORMALITIES.,” Biomed. Phys. Eng. express, vol. 10, no. 6, Sep. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ad7bc0.

R. C. Wihandika, Y. Lee, M. Data, M. Aritsugi, H. Obata, and I. Mendonça, “IMPROVING THE CLASSIFICATION OF UNEXPOSED POTSHERD CAVITIES BY MEANS OF PREPROCESSING,” Inf., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1–20, 2024, doi: 10.3390/info15050243.

S. Ashraf, S. Saleem, T. Ahmed, Z. Aslam, and D. Muhammad, “CONVERSION OF ADVERSE DATA CORPUS TO SHREWD OUTPUT USING SAMPLING METRICS,” Vis. Comput. Ind. Biomed. Art, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 19, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-020-00055-9.

T. Akazawa, Y. Kinoshita, S. Shiota, and H. Kiya, “N-WHITE BALANCING: WHITE BALANCING FOR MULTIPLE ILLUMINANTS INCLUDING NON-UNIFORM ILLUMINATION,” IEEE Access, vol. PP, p. 1, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3200391.

T.-H. Chen et al., “A COLONIAL SERRATED POLYP CLASSIFICATION MODEL USING WHITE-LIGHT ORDINARY ENDOSCOPY IMAGES WITH AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL AND TENSORFLOW CHART.,” BMC Gastroenterol., vol. 24, no. 1, p. 99, Mar. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-024-03181-3.

M. Farghaly, R. F. Mansour, and A. A. Sewisy, “TWO-STAGE DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR SRGB IMAGE WHITE BALANCE,” Signal, Image Video Process., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 277–284, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-022-02230-2.

O. CÖMERT, M. HEKİM, and K. ADEM, “WEIGHT AND DIAMETER ESTIMATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES ON APPLE IMAGES,” Uluslararası Muhendis. Arastirma ve Gelistirme Derg., pp. 147–154, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.350588.

Published
2026-08-24
How to Cite
[1]
B. Priyatna, T. K. Abdurahman, A. L. Hananto, and A. Y. Rahman, “OPTIMISATION OF IMAGE DATA PREPARATION USING HYBRID WHITE BALANCE METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF STRAW MUSHROOM IMAGE QUALITY”, BAREKENG: J. Math. & App., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 3587-3600, Aug. 2026.