ESTIMASI KECEPATAN DAN PANJANG LARIAN LONGSOR BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN LONGSOR ELM
Abstract
Kegagalan lereng yang terjadi pada suatu lereng memiliki bidang gelincir pada struktur bawah permukaan sehingga dapat menimbulkan bencana longsor. Bencana ini terjadi di lokasi penelitian karena berada disekitar jalur patahan sehingga sebagian tanah mengalami retak dan longsor, karena disebabkan oleh hujan dengan durasi beberapa jam, sehingga tanah menjadi jenuh dan terlepas menggelincir mengikuti lereng dengan kecepatan yang tinggi dan panjang larian yang semakin jauh sampai mengendap. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan kerusakan dan kerugian, korban jiwa, pengungsian dan kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di longsor Booi untuk menjelaskan perumusan model fisika dalam menentukan kecepatan dan panjang larian longsor menggunakan hukum kesetimbangan energi mekanik berdasarkan pada model lumped mass. Hasil analisis memberikan estimasi kecepatan maksimum 13.3 m/s pada posisi 33.0 m berada pada elevasi 96.2 m.dpl dan panjang larian longsor 102.2 m. Dengan demikian, semakin besar sudut kemiringan lereng terhadap sudut gesekan maka kecepatan longsor semakin tinggi dan panjang larian semakin besar. Alterasi kecepatan longsor sangat tergantung pada elevasi lereng dan jangkauan pengendapan material longsor.
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